专利摘要:
The invention relates to a load cell for determining point and / or surface forces, comprising: an elastically deformable front body (1) for contacting a force (F) to be determined on an outside of the front body (1), a transmission sleeve (2), which with an end face facing the front body makes contact with a circumferential area on an inside of the front body opposite to the outside, preferably a circumferential edge area on the inside of the front body, and an elastically deformable measuring body (3) which is arranged on an end face of the transmission sleeve facing away from the front body, wherein the inside of the front body and / or the inside of the measuring body facing the front body is / are designed in such a way that the two inner sides of the front body and measuring body touch one another. The load cell is characterized in that the transmission sleeve has a cross section that tapers from the front body towards the measuring body.
公开号:CH717316A2
申请号:CH00336/21
申请日:2021-03-30
公开日:2021-10-15
发明作者:Neumann Stefan
申请人:IMES Intelligent Measuring Systems GmbH;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

The present invention relates to a load cell for determining point and / or surface forces. The load cell of the invention is used, for example, when weighing objects, in test systems or in torque supports.
[0002] The increasing automation of processes and complex, fully automatic operations requires a correspondingly adapted sensor system for the reliable implementation of an accompanying process control. Force sensors, for example in the form of a load cell, are of particular importance here. High demands are placed on the reliability and reproducibility of a measurement, so that these load cells can also be used in chemical processes or in the food sector. It is advantageous here if such a load cell has a design that is as flat as possible and, in addition, can be cleaned particularly easily.
In addition, in the unavoidable intervention in the measuring room, in which, for example, the material to be determined by weight is arranged, increasing miniaturization is required when measuring the force or surface force in order to minimize the space required for mounting the load cell to keep.
A large number of load cells which have different designs are known from the prior art. The best-known design is the so-called ring torsion transducer, as shown in various embodiments in DE 3 924 629 C2, EP 1 181 514 B1, DE 10 2016 109 292 A1 or DE 3 837 683 A1. Another known design is represented by the so-called rod-shaped sensors (cf. DE 19 537 288 A1).
Each of these designs has its individual advantages and disadvantages, so ring torsion transducers have a relatively flat overall height, while rod-shaped transducers have advantages in the case of a non-centric introduction of force. In principle, the electrical connection is made radially in both types, which is a disadvantage with regard to the compactness of the load cell.
It is the aim of the present invention to create a load cell that combines the respective advantages of the two designs previously available on the market. In addition, the load cell according to the invention should also be able to be used in very confined spaces, in which the implementations known from the prior art cannot be used. In particular, a load cell is to be provided which is easier to manufacture and in which the load cells are easier to attach and connect.
This object is achieved by a load cell according to the invention according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the dependent claims.
Accordingly, a load cell according to the invention for determining point and / or surface forces comprises an elastically deformable front body for contacting a force to be determined on an outside of the front body, a transmission sleeve, which has a circumferential area on one to the outside with a face facing the front body opposite inside of the front body, preferably a circumferential edge area on the inside of the front body, and an elastically deformable measuring body, which is arranged on an end face of the transmission sleeve facing away from the front body, the inside of the front body and / or the inside of the measuring body facing the front body is / are designed in such a way that the two inner sides of the front body and measuring body touch one another. The load cell is characterized in that the transmission sleeve has a cross section that tapers from the front body towards the measuring body.
Due to the reduction in cross section of the transmission sleeve from the front body to the measuring body, it is possible to arrange the force measurement to be made by the load cell in a simple manner in a measuring room. In this case, only one bore is to be provided, into which the interconnected structure of the front body, transmission sleeve and measuring body is to be introduced. The reduction in cross section of the transmission sleeve then ensures that the measuring body has sufficient space in the event of a deformation occurring during the force measurement
It can be provided that the cross-sectional area of the transmission sleeve remains the same or decreases in the course of the front body towards the measuring body, but no longer increases.
It can also be provided that the measuring body adjoins the cross-sectional area of the end face of the transmission sleeve facing it in such a way that it does not go beyond the transmission sleeve in the cross-sectional direction.
The cross-sectional area of the measuring body (in a longitudinal direction that extends from the front body to the measuring body) is equal to or smaller than the largest or smallest cross-sectional area of the transmission sleeve.
According to the basic functional principle of the load cell, an action of force on the front body leads to a corresponding elastic deformation of the front body. Since the inside of the front body is in contact with the inside of the measuring body, this elastic deformation is passed on via the touching elements of the front body and measuring body, so that a corresponding deformation of the measuring body occurs. This deformation can then be measured using a force measuring device, so that the force acting on the load cell can be determined.
It can further be provided according to the invention that the transmission sleeve has a radially outwardly projecting flange on its end portion facing the front body, which flange is preferably formed continuously in the circumferential direction.
In addition, it can be provided that the transmission sleeve also consists of an elastically deformable material.
A connection area with the front body can be formed on the flange collar facing away from the transmission sleeve. The flange collar facing the transmission sleeve can be used to place it on a complementary step of a housing or a correspondingly shaped bore.
According to a further optional modification of the invention it can be provided that the transmission sleeve has a radially inwardly extending transition region between its two end-face end sections, which is preferably formed continuously in the circumferential direction. This feature, which can be provided in addition to the outwardly protruding flange, thus describes a cross-section reduction in a central section encompassed by the two end-face end sections. If the transmission sleeve is inserted into a correspondingly dimensioned cylindrical recess (e.g. a bore or a housing), the area of the transmission sleeve that is not reduced in cross-section can be used for fixation and stabilization, whereas the inwardly offset area has a (preferably circumferential) gap opposite having the cylindrical recess.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the load cell is provided with a force measuring device comprising several strain measuring sensors, the strain measuring sensors being arranged on the outside of the measuring body facing away from the front body , 5 to 5.5 and / or consist of titanium oxynitride (TiON).
It can be advantageous if the multiple strain gauges are connected to form a Wheatstone full bridge. A particularly precise determination of the force is obtained if in the Wheatstone full bridge per half bridge one strain gauge is loaded for compression and one for expansion, which allows maximum sensitivity to the action of force to be achieved.
The load cell according to the invention preferably further comprises a temperature-dependent resistor on the outside of the measuring body to compensate for a temperature influence of the measurement carried out by the force measuring device. The temperature-dependent resistance is then used to compensate for the temperature-induced expansion or compression of the measuring body, since this is also recorded by the force measuring device and used when determining an acting force. It is important to compensate for this effect, for which purpose the temperature-dependent resistance is now used.
According to a further advantageous modification of the invention it can be provided that the front body, transmission sleeve and measuring body are rotationally or rotationally symmetrical about a common axis, preferably are each arranged coaxially to this axis. The mechanical construction of these parts and their assembled structure can be radially symmetrical, in particular the force application axis of a force to be determined coincides with the axis of symmetry, that is to say can be identical to it.
Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the introduction of a force towards the measuring body takes place via the touching insides of the front body and the measuring body. For this purpose, the inside of the front body can have a configuration that extends towards the measuring body. The inside preferably has a circular base area which, starting from an edge of the base area, extends ever further towards the measuring body. The same can also apply to the inside of the measuring body, the contact section of the two inside can of course be designed differently, so one of the two inside is pointed and received in a corresponding recess on the other inside or even pierces it. Both inner sides can rise continuously from one edge to their center.
The inside of the front body extending in the direction of the measuring body can have an approximately funnel-shaped basic structure, which may have an arc-like rise and around its center has a recess for inserting a measuring body component. This structure of the inside of the front body is also called a force flow concentrator in technical terminology, since a force acting on the front body is thus focused or concentrated on a small area.
Preferably, it can be provided according to the invention that the outside of the front body and / or the outside of the measuring body is / are flat.
These configurations are particularly advantageous because a flat outside of the front body allows easy cleaning, which can be carried out without much effort and also facilitates the attachment of foreign particles in contrast to an edged or non-flat design.
According to a further development of the invention it can be provided that the inside of the front body rises towards its center towards the measuring body and / or the inside of the measuring body rises towards its center towards the front body, with a radial gap between the transmission sleeve and the inner sides in contact with one another remain, preferably wherein the inner side of the measuring body penetrates or penetrates a central recess of the front body.
Preferably, the load cell also comprises a receiving body, in particular a bore, for receiving the interconnected components comprising the front body, transmission sleeve and measuring body, the cross section of the transmission sleeve tapering from the front body to the measuring body in its not yet tapered area for attachment and centering and, in its tapered area, ensures a radial distance between the transmission sleeve and the measuring body and the receiving body, the receiving body preferably having a cylindrical basic shape, which in the area of the front body has a step-like, inwardly directed support flange to provide a flat or almost flat end of To enable the front body in the receiving body with a load cell, the transmission sleeve of which has a flange projection on the front body side.
Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one electrical connection to the force measuring device can be made axially, preferably via contacting surfaces arranged on the outside of the measuring body opposite to the inside. The advantage here is that, in contrast to load cells known from the prior art, an axial connection of the load cell is possible. A simple bore can therefore already be sufficient as a receiving body or as a receptacle, so that the implementation of the present load cell is very cost-saving and can be used in a large number of applications.
Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the front body, the transmission sleeve and / or the measuring body is made of a metal, preferably a high-strength metal, preferably made of the martensitic steel 1.4542 or 1.4548 and / or the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718, their chemical Composition of 50.0-5 5.0% Ni, 17.0-21.0% Cr, 4.75-5.50% TA + Nb, 2.80-3.30% Mo, 0.65-1 , 15% Ti, 0.20-0.80% Al, ≤ 0.3% Cu, ≤ 0.08% C, ≤ 0.35% Si and ≤ 1.0% Co.
It can preferably be provided that the thermal expansion coefficient of the front body, transmission sleeve and measuring body is identical or deviates by less than 5% from the nominally largest coefficient. This ensures that undesired, asymmetrical or inhomogeneous deformations caused by the thermal expansion of the material are avoided.
Furthermore, it can be provided according to an optional modification that a connection board is provided which is arranged on the outside of the measuring body, preferably wherein the connection board is materially connected to the outside of the measuring body. The connection board can be provided for the electrical connection of the force measuring device.
The invention also relates to a load cell whose strain measuring sensors and / or whose temperature-dependent resistance can be or has been applied to the measuring body by means of thin-film technology.
It can further be provided that the entire structure of the front body, transmission sleeve and measuring body has such a small thickness in the axial direction that it can be coated by means of available thin-film coating systems. In this way, for example, the strain measurement sensors can be easily applied.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent on the basis of the following description of the figures. 1 shows a sectional view of the most important components of the load cell according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a further sectional view of the structure known from FIG 3: shows the circuit diagram of a Wheatstone full bridge, and FIG. 4: shows a plan view of the outside of the measuring body.
1 shows a sectional view of the load cell according to the invention, in which an elastically deformable front body 1 is designed for contacting a force F. This front body 1 has an approximately flat outer side which is suitable for determining a force F acting on it. The inside facing away from the outside of the front body 1 has a force flow concentrator 4 rising towards its center. This force flow concentrator 4 has the effect that a force F acting from the outside of the front body is concentrated on a specific area on the inside. One possible embodiment of the power flow concentrator 4 is a funnel-shaped or angled elevation on the inside, which rises approximately perpendicular to the plane formed by the flat outside of the front body 1. It is preferably provided that the front body is a pane in which a first flat side represents the outside and the second flat side represents the inside.
In an edge area of the front body 1, a transmission sleeve 2 connects, which is formed offset inwardly from the contact area to the front body via a flange-like projection 7, and then essentially parallel to the force application axis 19, or in the normal direction runs to the flat outside of the front body 1 away from the front body 1. At its front end applied by the front body 1, this transmission sleeve touches a measuring body 3 which closes the opening defined by the transmission sleeve 2. The measuring body 3 has an inner surface facing the front body 1 and an outer surface facing away from the front body 1. Similar to the inner surface of the front body, the inner surface has a section which extends parallel to the force introduction axis 19 and which makes contact with the force flow concentrator 4.
As shown in FIG. 1, it can even be provided that the force flux concentrator 4 has a recess or even a continuous recess radially to the force application axis 19, into which the counterpart of the measuring body 3, which runs parallel to it, penetrates. In this way, part of this element of the measuring body 3 penetrating into the recess of the force flow concentrator 4 can also run towards the outside of the front body 1. The person skilled in the art is aware that this does not have to be the case for every load cell covered by the invention, but that normal engagement or the planar application of two straight planes of the two contact pieces that touch one another also realizes the operating principle of the invention.
The transmission sleeve 2 is designed so that between the parallel to the force application axis 19 and touching components of the respective inner sides of the front body 1 and measuring body 3, a radial free space 5 is formed, which the contact portion of the front body 1 and measuring body 3 surrounds all around. It can also be seen that the transmission sleeve 2, in addition to its flange-like projection 7, has a cross-sectional reduction (near reference number 8) in the contact area with the front body 1, which makes it particularly easy to mount the load cell in a receiving body, such as a housing or a correspondingly dimensioned bore 18 enables. It is important that this cross-sectional reduction enables the measuring body 3 to be moved when a force F acts, so that the basic operating principle of the force measurement can be maintained.
Furthermore, it can be provided that on the outside of the measuring body 3 facing away from the front body 1, a force measuring device is specified which detects an expansion of the outside of the measuring body 3 and converts it into an electrical signal. For this purpose, several strain gauges can be interconnected in the form of strain gauges, preferably according to a Wheatstone bridge, so that an expansion of the outside caused by the action of the force F is detected and converted into an electrical signal corresponding to an acting force. The attachment to the outside of the measuring body 3 is sufficiently far removed from the measuring space 13 so that the harsh conditions that typically prevail there cannot affect the force measuring unit.
The advantage of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 is that the structure of the flat, elastically deformable front body, for example in the form of a disc spring, the transmission sleeve 2 and the measuring body 3, which is in contact with the center of the force application axis Has front body 1, has a particularly skillful introduction of force of a force to be measured. The axial distance 15 from force introduction to force output is very small, which enables a simplified installation and a particularly effective measurement based on a bending of the measuring body 3. The force is introduced via the front body, which transfers the acting force to the measuring body 3 via the force flow concentrator 4. There the power flow is deflected so that it is diverted from the flange 7 via the transmission sleeve. Since the flange 7 and the front body 1 rest against one another, the axial distance 15 between force introduction and force discharge is very small, so that very compact and structurally advantageous arrangements of load cells can be implemented.
Fig. 2 shows the components from Fig. 1 in an inserted state of a receiving body, for example a bore 18. It can be seen that the flange-like projection 7 on the end region of the transmission sleeve 2 facing the front body 1 interacts or with a support flange 12 . rest on it, so that a force F acting centrally on the load cell is introduced into the measuring body 3 via the front body 1 and is introduced into the receiving body 16 via the transmission sleeve in the direction of the front body 1 from the flange 7. If you now create a correspondingly stepped hole, the bearing surface 12 of which for the flange 7 of the transmission sleeve is essentially as deep as a sum of the thicknesses of the edge region of the front body 1 and the flange 7 of the transmission sleeve 2, a be provided almost flat or flat load cell. This considerably facilitates the cleaning of such a load cell, since elements projecting or set back from the outside of the front body 1 are provided.
If the inner diameter of the bore 18 is matched to the outer diameter of the transmission sleeve in an area spaced from the flange, but which has not yet been subjected to a reduction in cross section, this area serves to center and secure the interconnected components front body 1, transmission sleeve 2 and measuring body 3. This fastening and centering area 8 of the transmission sleeve essentially makes contact with an inner wall of the bore 18, so that insertion into the bore 18 also has a fixing effect and a sealing effect with respect to the measuring space 13. Pressing in can thus also lead to a sealing connection in which the measuring space 13 is sealingly separated from the location of the force measuring device.
In addition, it can be seen that on the outside of the measuring body 3 facing away from the front body 1, a connection board 14 is arranged, which is axially materially connected to the outside of the measuring body 3 by sintering or pressing. This connection board 14, which can preferably be made of high-temperature-resistant printed circuit card material or a ceramic, enables electrical connections for the force measuring device to be brought up axially. It is thus possible to produce a very compact structure, seen in the radial direction, which also enables the load cell to be pushed into a bore. Accordingly, the connection board can be wired particularly easily from a side opposite the measuring space 13.
The strain gauges 9 to be provided in the force measuring device can be applied to the measuring body 3 by means of thin-film technology. The arrangement position opposite the measuring space 13 ensures optimum protection against damage emanating from the measuring space 13. Furthermore, a temperature-dependent resistor can also be provided on the external device of the measuring body 3, which can be calculated or compensated for the expansion and contraction of the measuring body 3, which only occurs due to a temperature fluctuation and has nothing to do with a force measurement.
3 shows a circuit diagram of a Wheatstone bridge, each of which has four strain gauges. A strain gauge 9 is a resistance that is dependent on an expansion or compression of the measuring body 3, so that with a corresponding bridge connection, as shown in FIG. or compression state of the measuring body 3 allows. In this way, one strain gauge can be loaded for compression and one for expansion per half bridge, which can be seen in FIG. 4 by the different arrow directions of the arrows shown on the left next to the strain gauge. This enables an improved sensitivity to a force acting on the measuring body 3. In addition, the strain gauges 9 with the same type of load in the two half bridges are each arranged diagonally opposite one another. This results in a maximum sensitivity to the introduction of force of where k is the gain coefficient of the strain gauges 9.
According to an optional modification of the invention, it can also be provided that not only the strain gauges 9 have been applied to the outside of the measuring body 3 using a generative method, for example thin-film technology, but that both the front body 1, the transmission sleeve 2 and the measuring body 3 have also been produced with the aid of a generative manufacturing process.
4 is a plan view of the outside of the measuring body 3, so that the multiple strain gauges 9, the contact surfaces 11 and the temperature-dependent resistor 10 can be clearly seen. In addition, the transmission sleeve 2, which is enlarged in cross-section, and the flange section 7 extending outwards, which is flush with the front body 1, can be seen.
权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1]
1. Load cell for determining point and / or surface forces, comprising:an elastically deformable front body (1) for contacting a force to be determined on an outside of the front body (1),a transmission sleeve (2) which, with an end face facing the front body (1), makes contact with a circumferential area on an inside of the front body (1) opposite to the outside, preferably a circumferential edge area on the inside of the front body (1), andan elastically deformable measuring body (3) which is arranged on an end face of the transmission sleeve (2) facing away from the front body (1), whereinthe inside of the front body (1) and / or the inside of the measuring body (3) facing the front body (1) is / are designed such that the two inner sides of the front and measuring body (3) touch one another,characterized in thatthe transmission sleeve (2) has a cross-section tapering from the front body (1) towards the measuring body (3).
[2]
2. Load cell according to claim 1, wherein the transmission sleeve (2) on its end portion facing the front body (1) has a radially outwardly projecting flange (7) which is preferably formed continuously in the circumferential direction.
[3]
3. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transmission sleeve (2) has a radially inwardly extending transition region between its two end-face end sections, which is preferably formed continuously in the circumferential direction.
[4]
4. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, further with a force measuring device comprising several strain measuring sensors (9), wherein the strain measuring sensors (9) are arranged on the outside of the measuring body (3) facing away from the front body (1), preferably wherein the strain measuring sensors (9) Strain gauges are those that have a high k-factor of 4.5 to 5.5 and / or are made of titanium oxynitride.
[5]
5. Load cell according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature-dependent resistor (10) on the outside of the measuring body (3) to compensate for a temperature influence of the measurement carried out by the force measuring device.
[6]
6. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front body (1), transmission sleeve (2) and measuring body (3) are rotationally or rotationally symmetrical to a common axis (19), preferably are each arranged coaxially to this axis (19).
[7]
7. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the introduction of a force towards the measuring body (3) takes place via the touching inner sides of the front body (1) and measuring body (3).
[8]
8. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the outside of the front body and / or the outside of the measuring body (3) is / are flat.
[9]
9. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inside of the front body (1) rises towards its center in the direction of the measuring body (3) and / or the inside of the measuring body (3) extends towards its center in the direction of the front body (1) rises, wherein a radial gap (5) remains between the transmission sleeve (2) and the inner sides contacting one another, preferably whereinthe inside of the measuring body (3) penetrates into and / or penetrates a central recess in the front body (1).
[10]
10. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, further witha receiving body (16), in particular a bore, for receiving the interconnected components of the front body (1), transmission sleeve (2) and measuring body (3), the cross section of the transmission sleeve tapering from the front body (1) to the measuring body (3) (2) in its not yet tapered area (8) for fastening and centering and in its tapered area for a radial distance (17) between the transmission sleeve (2) and the measuring body (3) and the receiving body (16), preferablythe receiving body (16) has a cylindrical basic shape, which in the area of the front body (1) has a step-like inwardly directed support flange (12) in order to provide a flat or almost flat end of the front body (1) in the receiving body (16) 2 to enable advanced load cells.
[11]
11. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims with the developments of claim 4, wherein at least one electrical connection to the force measuring device can be made axially, preferably via contacting surfaces (11) arranged on the outside of the measuring body (3).
[12]
12. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front body (1), the transmission sleeve (2) and / or the measuring body (3) is made of a metal, preferably a high-strength metal, preferably made of the martensitic steel 1.4542 or 1.4548 or the nickel-based alloy Inconel 718, whose chemical composition consists of 50.0-5 5.0% Ni, 17.0-21.0% Cr, 4.75-5.50% TA + Nb, 2.80-3.30% Mo, 0.65-1.15% Ti, 0.20-0.80% Al, ≤ 0.3% Cu, ≤ 0.08% C, ≤ 0.35% Si and ≤ 1.0% Co.
[13]
13. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the front body (1), transmission sleeve (2) and measuring body (3) is identical or deviates by less than 5% from the nominally largest expansion coefficient.
[14]
14. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, further with a connection board (14) which is arranged on the outside of the measuring body (3), preferably wherein the connection board (14) is integrally connected to the outside of the measuring body (3).
[15]
15. Load cell according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strain measuring sensors (9) according to claim 4 and / or the temperature-dependent resistor (10) according to claim 5 can be or has been applied to the measuring body (3) by means of thin-film technology.
类似技术:
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CH656227A5|1986-06-13|MEASURING CONVERTER FOR A FORCE GAUGE.
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
AT523702A2|2021-10-15|
DE102020109799A1|2021-10-14|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

DE3837683A1|1987-10-26|1990-05-10|Schenck Ag Carl|Force measuring cell|
DE3924629C2|1989-07-26|1991-05-08|Carl Schenck Ag, 6100 Darmstadt, De|
DE29510678U1|1995-07-07|1995-08-17|Hottinger Messtechnik Baldwin|Load cell|
WO2000073757A1|1999-06-01|2000-12-07|Gwt Global Weighing Technologies Gmbh|Rotationally symmetrical diaphragm element for a weighing cell|
DE102016109292B4|2016-05-20|2017-12-14|Brosa Ag|Load cell|
法律状态:
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
DE102020109799.9A|DE102020109799A1|2020-04-08|2020-04-08|Load cell|
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